15.11.2013
СПРАВКА
Толкование Европейским Судом по правам человека права на уважение
личной жизни, гарантированного статьей 8 Конвенции о защите прав
человека и основных свобод, в аспекте защиты информации о личной жизни
(извлечения из постановлений Европейского Суда)
Постановление ЕСПЧ от 18.04.2013 по делу "Агеевы (Ageyevy) против
России", жалоба N 7075/10, опубликовано на официальном сайте ЕСПЧ по
адресу
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-118602
193. The Court reiterates that under its Article 8 case-law the
concept of "private life" is a broad term not susceptible to
exhaustive definition, which covers, among other things, information
relating to one's personal identity, such as a person's name, photo,
or physical and moral integrity and generally extends to the personal
information which individuals can legitimately expect should not be
published without their consent.
Постановление ЕСПЧ от 13.11.2012 по делу "M.M. (M.M.) против
Соединенного Королевства", жалоба N 24029/07, опубликовано на
официальном сайте ЕСПЧ по адресу
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-114517
2. The Court's assessment
(a) Applicability of Article 8
187. The Court reiterates that both the storing of information
relating to an individual's private life and the release of such
information come within the scope of Article 8 S: 1. Even public
information can fall within the scope of private life where it is
systematically collected and stored in files held by the authorities.
Постановление ЕСПЧ от 04.12.2008 по делу "C. и Марпер (S. and Marper)
против Соединенного Королевства" (жалобы N 30562/04, 30566/04),
опубликовано на официальном сайте ЕСПЧ по адресу
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-90051
2. The Court's assessment
(a) General principles
67. The mere storing of data relating to the private life of an
individual amounts to an interference within the meaning of Article 8.
The subsequent use of the stored information has no bearing on that
finding.
Постановление ЕСПЧ от 16.02.2000 по делу "Аманн (Amann) против
Швейцарии", No. 27798/95, опубликовано на официальном сайте ЕСПЧ по
адресу
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-58497
65. The Court reiterates that the storing of data relating to the
"private life" of an individual falls within the application of
Article 8 S: 1.
It points out in this connection that the term "private life" must not
be interpreted restrictively. In particular, respect for private life
comprises the right to establish and develop relationships with other
human beings; furthermore, there is no reason of principle to justify
excluding activities of a professional or business nature from the
notion of "private life".
That broad interpretation corresponds with that of the Council of
Europe's Convention of 28 January 1981 for the Protection of
Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data,
which came into force on 1 October 1985 and whose purpose is "to
secure in the territory of each Party for every individual ... respect
for his rights and fundamental freedoms, and in particular his right
to privacy, with regard to automatic processing of personal data
relating to him" (Article 1), such personal data being defined as "any
information relating to an identified or identifiable individual"
(Article 2).
Постановление ЕСПЧ от 25.11.1994 по делу "Стьерна (Stjerna) против
Финляндии", жалоба No. 18131/91, опубликовано на официальном сайте
ЕСПЧ по адресу
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-57912
B. Applicability of Article 8 (art. 8)
37. The Court notes that Article 8 (art. 8) does not contain any
explicit reference to names. Nonetheless, since it constitutes a means
of personal identification and a link to a family, an individual's
name does concern his or her private and family life. The fact that
there may exist a public interest in regulating the use of names is
not sufficient to remove the question of a person's name from the
scope of private and family life, which has been construed as
including, to a certain degree, the right to establish relationships
with others (ibid.).
The subject-matter of the complaint thus falls within the ambit of
Article 8 (art. 8).
Постановление ЕСПЧ от 16.05.2013 по делу "Гарнага (Garnaga) против
Украины", жалоба N 20390/07, опубликовано на официальном сайте ЕСПЧ по
адресу
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-119681
36. Neither of the parties sought to question the applicability of
Article 8 of the Convention in the instant case, and the Court sees no
reason to do so. The Court recalls that in many similar cases
concerning choice or change of forename or surname it established that
this issue fell within the ambit of Article 8 of the Convention, since
the forename and surname concerned the private and family life of an
individual. The case of Bulgakov v. Ukraine (no. 59894/00, S: 42, 11
September 2007) also concerned the applicant's patronymic as part of
his name. The subject matter of the application thus falls within the
ambit of Article 8 of the Convention.
Постановление ЕСПЧ от 09.10.2012 по делу "Алкая (Alkaya) против
Турции", жалоба N 42811/06, опубликовано на официальном сайте ЕСПЧ по
адресу
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-114030
2. Appreciation de la Cour
28. La Cour rappelle avoir juge `a plusieurs reprises que la notion de
vie privee est une notion large, non susceptible d'une definition
exhaustive, qui englobe notamment le droit `a l'autonomie personnelle
et au developpement personnel. Cette notion recouvre egalement
l'integrite physique et morale de la personne, y compris le droit de
vivre en prive, loin de toute attention non voulue. Elle peut parfois
englober des aspects de l'identite physique et sociale d'un individu.
La Cour rappelle egalement que la garantie offerte `a cet egard par
l'article 8 de la Convention est principalement destinee `a assurer le
developpement, sans ingerences exterieures, de la personnalite de
chaque individu dans les relations avec ses semblables, et qu'il
existe une zone d'interaction entre l'individu et des tiers qui, meme
dans un contexte public, peut relever de la vie privee.
29. La Cour reaffirme par ailleurs que l'article 8 de la Convention
protege le droit de l'individu au respect de son domicile, qui
s'entend normalement comme le lieu, l'espace physiquement determine ou
se developpe la vie privee et familiale. L'individu a droit au respect
de son domicile, conc,u non seulement comme le droit `a un simple
espace physique mais aussi comme celui `a la jouissance, en toute
tranquillite, dudit espace. En ce sens, des atteintes au droit au
respect du domicile visent egalement les atteintes immaterielles ou
incorporelles.
30. En l'espece, la Cour note que la requerante se plaint d'une
atteinte `a la fois `a son droit au respect de sa vie privee et `a son
droit au respect de son domicile du fait de la mention, dans un
article publie dans la presse, de son adresse domiciliaire. A cet
egard, elle estime utile de souligner que le choix du lieu de
residence est une decision essentiellement privee et que le libre
exercice de ce choix fait partie integrante de la sphere d'autonomie
personnelle, protegee par l'article 8 de la Convention. L'adresse
domiciliaire d'une personne constitue en ce sens une donnee ou un
renseignement d'ordre personnel qui releve de la vie privee et qui
beneficie, `a ce titre, de la protection accordee `a celle-ci. C'est
donc au regard des exigences de la protection de la vie privee que la
Cour procedera `a l'examen de la presente affaire.
Постановление ЕСПЧ от 03.04.2007 по делу "Копланд (Copland) против
Соединенного Королевства", жалоба N 62617/00, опубликовано на
официальном сайте ЕСПЧ по адресу
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-79996
2. Whether there was any interference with the rights guaranteed under
Article 8
43. The Court observes that the use of information relating to the
date and length of telephone conversations and in particular the
numbers dialled can give rise to an issue under Article 8 as such
information constitutes an "integral element of the communications
made by telephone". The mere fact that these data may have been
legitimately obtained by the College, in the form of telephone bills,
is no bar to finding an interference with rights guaranteed under
Article 8 (ibid.). Moreover, storing of personal data relating to the
private life of an individual also falls within the application of
Article 8 S: 1. Thus, it is irrelevant that the data held by the
College were not disclosed or used against the applicant in
disciplinary or other proceedings.
44. Accordingly, the Court considers that the collection and storage
of personal information relating to the applicant's telephone, as well
as to her e-mail and Internet usage, without her knowledge, amounted
to an interference with her right to respect for her private life and
correspondence within the meaning of Article 8.
07 ноября 2013 года
Кудряков А.В. __________
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